“ChatGPT with no ethical boundaries”: WormGPT fuels AI-generated scams

Cybercriminals are increasingly using generative AI tools such as ChatGPT or WormGPT, a dedicated malware model, to send highly convincing fake emails to organizations, allowing them to bypass security measures.

A new wave of highly convincing fake emails is hitting unsuspecting employees. That’s according to British computer hacker Daniely Kelley, who has been researching WormGPT, an AI tool optimized for cybercrimes such as Business Email Compromise (BEC). Kelley is referring specifically to his observations on underground forums.

In addition, special prompts known as “jailbreaks” are exchanged to manipulate models such as ChatGPT to generate output that could include the disclosure of sensitive information or the execution of malicious code.

“This method introduces a stark implication: attackers, even those lacking fluency in a particular language, are now more capable than ever of fabricating persuasive emails for phishing or BEC attacks,” Kelley writes.

AI-generated emails are grammatically correct, which Kelley says makes them more likely to go undetected, and easy-to-use AI models have lowered the barrier to entry for attacks.

WormGPT is an AI model optimized for online fraud

WormGPT is an AI model specifically designed for criminal and malicious activity that is shared on popular online cybercrime forums. It is marketed as a “blackhat” alternative to official GPT models and advertised with privacy protection and “fast money”.

Similar to ChatGPT, WormGPT can create convincing and strategically sophisticated emails. This makes it a powerful tool for sophisticated phishing and BEC attacks. Kelley describes it as ChatGPT with “no ethical boundaries or restrictions”.

WormGPT is based on the open-source GPT-J model, which approaches the performance of GPT-3 and can perform textual tasks similar to ChatGPT, as well as write or format simple code. The WormGPT derivative is said to have been trained with additional malware datasets, although the author of the hacking tool does not disclose these.

Kelley tested WormGPT on a phishing email designed to trick a customer service representative into paying an urgent bogus bill. The sender of the email was the CEO of the targeted company (see screenshot).

Kelley calls the results of the experiment “unsettling” and the fraudulent email generated “remarkably persuasive, but also strategically cunning.” Even inexperienced cybercriminals could pose a significant threat with a tool like WormGPT, Kelley writes.

The best protection against AI-based BEC attacks is prevention

As AI tools continue to proliferate, new attack vectors will emerge, making strong prevention measures essential, Kelley says. Organizations should develop BEC-specific training and implement enhanced email verification measures to protect against AI-based BEC attacks.

For example, Kelley cites alerts for emails from outside the organization that impersonate managers or suppliers. Other systems could flag messages with keywords such as “urgent,” “sensitive,” or “wire transfer,” which are associated with BEC attacks.

Summary

• Cybercriminals are using generative AI applications such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and WormGPT to create convincing fake emails for corporate fraud attacks.
• WormGPT is an AI model designed specifically for criminal and malicious activity and is promoted as a “blackhat” alternative to official GPT models. It has allegedly been fine-tuned using malware data.
• To protect against AI-based fraud attacks, organizations should develop BEC-specific training and implement enhanced email verification measures.

source

Meet the Brains Behind the Malware-Friendly AI Chat Service ‘WormGPT’

WormGPT, a private new chatbot service advertised as a way to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to write malicious software without all the pesky prohibitions on such activity enforced by the likes of ChatGPT and Google Bard, has started adding restrictions of its own on how the service can be used. Faced with customers trying to use WormGPT to create ransomware and phishing scams, the 23-year-old Portuguese programmer who created the project now says his service is slowly morphing into “a more controlled environment.”

The large language models (LLMs) made by ChatGPT parent OpenAI or Google or Microsoft all have various safety measures designed to prevent people from abusing them for nefarious purposes — such as creating malware or hate speech. In contrast, WormGPT has promoted itself as a new, uncensored LLM that was created specifically for cybercrime activities.

WormGPT was initially sold exclusively on HackForums, a sprawling, English-language community that has long featured a bustling marketplace for cybercrime tools and services. WormGPT licenses are sold for prices ranging from 500 to 5,000 Euro.

“Introducing my newest creation, ‘WormGPT,’ wrote “Last,” the handle chosen by the HackForums user who is selling the service. “This project aims to provide an alternative to ChatGPT, one that lets you do all sorts of illegal stuff and easily sell it online in the future. Everything blackhat related that you can think of can be done with WormGPT, allowing anyone access to malicious activity without ever leaving the comfort of their home.”

In July, an AI-based security firm called SlashNext analyzed WormGPT and asked it to create a “business email compromise” (BEC) phishing lure that could be used to trick employees into paying a fake invoice.

“The results were unsettling,” SlashNext’s Daniel Kelley wrote. “WormGPT produced an email that was not only remarkably persuasive but also strategically cunning, showcasing its potential for sophisticated phishing and BEC attacks.”

A review of Last’s posts on HackForums over the years shows this individual has extensive experience creating and using malicious software. In August 2022, Last posted a sales thread for “Arctic Stealer,” a data stealing trojan and keystroke logger that he sold there for many months.

“I’m very experienced with malwares,” Last wrote in a message to another HackForums user last year.

Last has also sold a modified version of the information stealer DCRat, as well as an obfuscation service marketed to malicious coders who sell their creations and wish to insulate them from being modified or copied by customers.

Shortly after joining the forum in early 2021, Last told several different Hackforums users his name was Rafael and that he was from Portugal. HackForums has a feature that allows anyone willing to take the time to dig through a user’s postings to learn when and if that user was previously tied to another account.

That account tracing feature reveals that while Last has used many pseudonyms over the years, he originally used the nickname “ruiunashackers.” The first search result in Google for that unique nickname brings up a TikTok account with the same moniker, and that TikTok account says it is associated with an Instagram account for a Rafael Morais from Porto, a coastal city in northwest Portugal.

AN OPEN BOOK

Reached via Instagram and Telegram, Morais said he was happy to chat about WormGPT.

“You can ask me anything,” Morais said. “I’m an open book.”

Morais said he recently graduated from a polytechnic institute in Portugal, where he earned a degree in information technology. He said only about 30 to 35 percent of the work on WormGPT was his, and that other coders are contributing to the project. So far, he says, roughly 200 customers have paid to use the service.

“I don’t do this for money,” Morais explained. “It was basically a project I thought [was] interesting at the beginning and now I’m maintaining it just to help [the] community. We have updated a lot since the release, our model is now 5 or 6 times better in terms of learning and answer accuracy.”

WormGPT isn’t the only rogue ChatGPT clone advertised as friendly to malware writers and cybercriminals. According to SlashNext, one unsettling trend on the cybercrime forums is evident in discussion threads offering “jailbreaks” for interfaces like ChatGPT.

“These ‘jailbreaks’ are specialised prompts that are becoming increasingly common,” Kelley wrote. “They refer to carefully crafted inputs designed to manipulate interfaces like ChatGPT into generating output that might involve disclosing sensitive information, producing inappropriate content, or even executing harmful code. The proliferation of such practices underscores the rising challenges in maintaining AI security in the face of determined cybercriminals.”

Morais said they have been using the GPT-J 6B model since the service was launched, although he declined to discuss the source of the LLMs that power WormGPT. But he said the data set that informs WormGPT is enormous.

“Anyone that tests wormgpt can see that it has no difference from any other uncensored AI or even chatgpt with jailbreaks,” Morais explained. “The game changer is that our dataset [library] is big.”

Morais said he began working on computers at age 13, and soon started exploring security vulnerabilities and the possibility of making a living by finding and reporting them to software vendors.

“My story began in 2013 with some greyhat activies, never anything blackhat tho, mostly bugbounty,” he said. “In 2015, my love for coding started, learning c# and more .net programming languages. In 2017 I’ve started using many hacking forums because I have had some problems home (in terms of money) so I had to help my parents with money… started selling a few products (not blackhat yet) and in 2019 I started turning blackhat. Until a few months ago I was still selling blackhat products but now with wormgpt I see a bright future and have decided to start my transition into whitehat again.”

WormGPT sells licenses via a dedicated channel on Telegram, and the channel recently lamented that media coverage of WormGPT so far has painted the service in an unfairly negative light.

“We are uncensored, not blackhat!” the WormGPT channel announced at the end of July. “From the beginning, the media has portrayed us as a malicious LLM (Language Model), when all we did was use the name ‘blackhatgpt’ for our Telegram channel as a meme. We encourage researchers to test our tool and provide feedback to determine if it is as bad as the media is portraying it to the world.”

It turns out, when you advertise an online service for doing bad things, people tend to show up with the intention of doing bad things with it. WormGPT’s front man Last seems to have acknowledged this at the service’s initial launch, which included the disclaimer, “We are not responsible if you use this tool for doing bad stuff.”

But lately, Morais said, WormGPT has been forced to add certain guardrails of its own.

“We have prohibited some subjects on WormGPT itself,” Morais said. “Anything related to murders, drug traffic, kidnapping, child porn, ransomwares, financial crime. We are working on blocking BEC too, at the moment it is still possible but most of the times it will be incomplete because we already added some limitations. Our plan is to have WormGPT marked as an uncensored AI, not blackhat. In the last weeks we have been blocking some subjects from being discussed on WormGPT.”

Still, Last has continued to state on HackForums — and more recently on the far more serious cybercrime forum Exploit — that WormGPT will quite happily create malware capable of infecting a computer and going “fully undetectable” (FUD) by virtually all of the major antivirus makers (AVs).

“You can easily buy WormGPT and ask it for a Rust malware script and it will 99% sure be FUD against most AVs,” Last told a forum denizen in late July.

Asked to list some of the legitimate or what he called “white hat” uses for WormGPT, Morais said his service offers reliable code, unlimited characters, and accurate, quick answers.

“We used WormGPT to fix some issues on our website related to possible sql problems and exploits,” he explained. “You can use WormGPT to create firewalls, manage iptables, analyze network, code blockers, math, anything.”

Morais said he wants WormGPT to become a positive influence on the security community, not a destructive one, and that he’s actively trying to steer the project in that direction. The original HackForums thread pimping WormGPT as a malware writer’s best friend has since been deleted, and the service is now advertised as “WormGPT – Best GPT Alternative Without Limits — Privacy Focused.”

“We have a few researchers using our wormgpt for whitehat stuff, that’s our main focus now, turning wormgpt into a good thing to [the] community,” he said.

It’s unclear yet whether Last’s customers share that view. source

The dark side of ChatGPT: Hackers tap WormGPT and FraudGPT for sophisticated attacks

https://youtu.be/rqA_LkM0qIk

A new “blackhat” breed of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as WormGPT and FraudGPT are reshaping the security landscape. With their potential for malicious use, these sophisticated models could amplify the scale and effectiveness of cyberattacks.

WormGPT: The blackhat version of ChatGPT

WormGPT, based on the GPTJ language model developed in 2021, essentially functions as a blackhat counterpart to OpenAI’s ChatGPT, but without ethical boundaries or limitations, according to SlashNext’s recent research.

The tool was allegedly trained on a broad range of data sources, with a particular focus on malware-related data. However, the precise datasets used in the training process remain confidential. And its developers boasted it offers features such as character support, chat memory retention and code formatting capabilities.

The SlashNext gained access to WormGPT through a prominent online forum often associated with cybercrime and conducted tests focusing on business email compromise (BEC) attacks.

In one instance, WormGPT was instructed to generate an email aimed at coercing an unsuspecting account manager into paying a fraudulent invoice. “The results were unsettling. WormGPT produced an email that was not only remarkably persuasive but also strategically cunning, showcasing its potential for sophisticated phishing and BEC attacks,” the team wrote in a blog post.

FraudGPT goes on offense

FraudGPT is a similar AI tool as WormGPT, which is marketed exclusively for offensive operations, such as spear phishing emails, creating cracking tools and carding (a type of credit card fraud).

The Netenrich threat research team discovered this new AI bot, which is now being sold across various dark web marketplaces and on the Telegram platform. Besides crafting enticing and malicious emails, the team highlighted the tool’s capability to identify the most targeted services or sites, thereby enabling further exploitation of victims.

FraudGPT’s developers claim it has diverse features including writing malicious code, creating undetectable malware, phishing pages and hacking tools; finding non-VBV bins; and identifying leaks and vulnerabilities. They also touted it has more than 3000 confirmed sales or reviews.

WormGPT and FraudGPT are still in their infancy

While FraudGPT and WormGPT are similar to ChatGPT in terms of capabilities and technology, the key difference is these dark versions have no guardrails or limitations and are trained on stolen data, Forrester Senior Analyst Allie Mellen told SDxCentral.

“The only difference will be the goal of the particular groups using these platforms — some will use it for phishing/financial fraud and others will use it to attempt to gain access to networks via other means,” echoed HYAS CTO David Mitchell.

FraudGPT and WormGPT have been getting attention since July. Mellen pointed out it’s still in the early stage for attackers to use these tools and too early to tell at this point if there is a demand.

“It’s getting some interest from the cybercriminal community, of course, but it’s more experimental than it is mainstream,” she said. “We will see new variations pop up that make use of the data or that are trained on different types of data to make it even more useful for them.”

How and where hackers can harness malicious GPT tools

Mellen noted tools like FraudGPT and WormGPT will serve as a force multiplier and helper for attackers, but only when used correctly.

“Much like any other generative AI use case, it’s important to note that these tools can be a force multiplier for users, but ultimately only if they know how to use them and only if they’re willing to use them,” she said.

Here are some potential use cases Mellen listed:

• Enhanced phishing campaigns: One of the most basic uses is crafting phishing emails. Tools like WormGPT and FraudGPT present a new advantage in effective translation into various languages, which can ensure that it’s not only understandable but also enticing for the target, leading to higher chances of them clicking malicious links. Moreover, these tools make it easier for attackers to automate phishing campaigns at scale, eliminating manual effort.
• Accelerated open source intelligence (OSINT) gathering: Typically, attackers invest significant time in OSINT, where they gather information about their targets, such as personal or family details, company information and past history, aiding their social engineering efforts. With the introduction of tools like WormGPT and FraudGPT, this research process is substantially hastened by simply inputting a series of questions and directives into the tool without having to go through the manual work.
• Automated malware generation: WormGPT and FraudGPT are proving useful in generating code, and this capability can be extended to malware creation. Especially with platforms like FraudGPT, which might have access to previously hacked information on the dark web, attackers can simplify and expedite the malware creation process. Even individuals with limited technical expertise can prompt these AI tools to generate malware, thereby lowering the entry barrier into cybercrime.

“Historically, these attacks could often be detected via security solutions like anti-phishing and protective DNS [domain name system ] platforms,” HYAS’ Mitchell said in a statement. “With the evolution happening within these dark GPTs [Generative Pre-trained Transformers], organizations will need to be extra vigilant with their email & SMS messages because they provide an ability for a non-native English speaker to generate well-formed text as a lure.”

Threat landscape impacts

With all these emerging use cases, there will be more targeted attacks, Mellen noted. Phishing attempts will become more sophisticated and the rapid generation of malicious code by AI will likely result in more duplicate malware.

“I’d expect that we’ll see more consistency with some of the malware that’s in use, which will cause some issues because it has the potential to even more so obfuscate nation-state activity as people copy and use whatever it is that they can find, whatever it is that ChatGPT gets trained on,” she said.

“So there’s a lot of potential that we’ll see an increase in attacker activity, especially on the cybercriminal side as people who perhaps are not as sophisticated on the technology side or previously thought that the being cybercriminals, and accessible to them now have more opportunity there, unfortunately,” she added.

Don’t panic yet, but stay informed genAI

Despite these daunting impacts, it’s important not to panic, Mellen said, adding that much like any technological advancement, GPT tools can be a double-edged sword.

“It can be used for really positive things. It can also be used for really awful things. So it’s another thing that CISO needs to consider and be concerned about,” she said. “But at the end of the day, it’s just another tool and so don’t go too crazy trying to change everything that you do, just make sure that the tools that you’re using are protecting you as best you can and keep up to date with the current landscape.”

Mellen recommended organizations pay attention to and keep informed of the generative AI developments and what attackers are doing with it. “Understanding as much as we can now and keeping up to date on the actions that they’re taking is pivotal.” source

WormGPT Is a ChatGPT Alternative With ‘No Ethical Boundaries or Limitations’

The developer of WormGPT is selling access to the chatbot, which can help hackers create malware and phishing attacks, according to email security provider SlashNext.

“The results were unsettling. WormGPT produced an email that was not only remarkably persuasive but also strategically cunning, showcasing its potential for sophisticated phishing and BEC attacks,” SlashNext said.

Indeed, the bot crafted a message using professional language that urged the intended victim to wire some money. WormGPT also wrote the email without any spelling or grammar mistakes—red flags that can indicate a phishing email attack.

“In summary, it’s similar to ChatGPT but has no ethical boundaries or limitations,” SlashNext said. “This experiment underscores the significant threat posed by generative AI technologies like WormGPT, even in the hands of novice cybercriminals.”

Fortunately, WormGPT isn’t cheap. The developer is selling access to the bot for 60 Euros per month or 550 Euros per year. One buyer has also complained that the program is “not worth any dime,” citing weak performance. Still, WormGPT is an ominous sign about how generative AI programs could fuel cybercrime, especially as the programs mature. source

WormGPT and its Malicious Nature

• Violation of Laws: Using WormGPT for cybercriminal activities goes against laws governing hacking, data theft, and other illegal activities.
• Creation of Malware and Phishing Attacks: WormGPT can be used to develop malware and phishing attacks that harm individuals and organizations.
• Sophisticated Cyberattacks: WormGPT empowers cybercriminals to launch advanced cyberattacks, causing substantial damage to computer systems and networks.
• Facilitation of Illegal Activities: WormGPT enables cybercriminals to carry out illegal activities with ease, putting innocent individuals and organizations at risk.
• Legal Consequences: Individuals engaging in cybercriminal activities using WormGPT may face legal repercussions and potential criminal charges.

How To Use WormGPT

Curiosity is a sign of Genius, Glad you Made it!
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ChatGPT: Optimizing Language Models for Dialogue

History of Circuitboards and Electronics

Today, building electronics systems that are simply functional is becoming an obsolete objective. Instead, the expectation that our devices and systems are “smart” is rapidly becoming the standard by which they are judged. These expectations are encapsulated in the concept of Ambient Intelligence (AmI), which can be thought of as the continual transformation of our environments into smart technological systems that are responsive to our needs and work cohesively to enhance our quality of life. The push towards this AmI destiny has affected the design and development of PCBs and electronic systems profoundly in recent history and is poised to be a driving factor for the foreseeable future.

With the deep entrenchment of electronics and printed circuit boards (PCBs) in our lives today, it would be understandable to assume that PCBs have been around for quite a while. This assumption, however, would be an error. In fact, the PCBs that we design and manufacture today have been with us for a scant few decades. Yet, we have been on the evolutionary road that has brought us here for over a century. Let’s take a look at the history of printed circuit boards to better understand this journey. You will probably be surprised by what we find!

Milestones in the History of Printed Circuit Boards

Below is a list of the inventors and companies whose ideas or developments have provided the most resounding impact in the history of printed circuits.

🗲 Albert Hanson invents first circuit board.

 Consisted of multiple layers.
 Utilized through-hole connectivity.
 Filed for a patent in 1903 in the United Kingdom.

🗲 Arthur Berry develops print and etch method in the United Kingdom.

 Patented in 1913.

🗲 Max Schoop, a Swedish inventor, develops a practical thermal spray
method.

 Developed a flame spray gun called the “pistol” in 1912.
 Patented a twin wire arc spray gun in 1914.

🗲 Charles Durcase creates means of electroplating circuits.

 Patented in 1927.

🗲 Paul Eisler invents the first contemporary printed circuit board.

 Developed a PCB for a radio system in 1936.
 United States uses technology during World War II for proximity fuses.
 U.S. Army releases printed circuit technology to the public in 1948.

🗲 Moe Abramson and Stanislaus F. Danko develop auto-assembly
process.

 Employed dip soldering process.
 Developed in 1949.
 Patent assigned to United States Army in 1956.

🗲 The Institute for Printed Circuits (IPC) is formed in 1957.

 The first organization to develop standards for PCB manufacture.

🗲 International Business Machines (IBM) introduces planar mounting.

 Developed in 1960.
 Originally developed for spacecraft.
 Becomes popular in the 1980’s as surface mount technology (SMT).

🗲 Gerber Scientific develops a PCB design format for vector
photoplotters.

 Gerber File format RS-274-D introduced in 1980.
 First widely accepted or standard PCB design file format.
 Two subsequent releases, X1 and X2, developed for CAM processing.

🗲 Vapor Computerized Systems introduces CAM software and file
format.

 Genesis 2000 software released in 1992.
 ODB++ data file format released to the public in 1997.

🗲 Multek introduces Every Layer Interconnect (ELIC) for high density
PCBs.

 Developed in 2006.

The above milestones in the history of printed circuits design and manufacturing have undoubtedly played significant roles in bringing the industry to the present. As with most historical examinations, there are some facts that seem to be elusive. For example, the question “Why are PCBs green?” is often asked. Although there is no clear consensus on a specific answer, there are solder mask considerations that support the green color. source

13 Basic Rules Of PCB Layout

1. According to the circuit module layout, the relevant circuit for realizing the same function is called one module, and the components in the circuit module should adopt the principle of near concentration, the digital circuit and the analog circuit are separated at the same time.

2. Do not mount the electronic components within 1.27mm around the non-mounting holes,such as tooling hole and standard holes.

Do not mount components within 3.5mm (for M2.5) and 4mm (for M3) around the mounting holes such as screws;

3.Avoid placing holes under the components such as the horizontally mounted resistors, inductors (insers), electrolytic capacitors, etc., so as to avoid short-circuiting the vias and component housings after wave soldering;

4.The distance between the outer side of the component and the edge of the pcb board is 5mm;

5. The outer side of the mounting component pad and the outer side of the adjacent interposing component are greater than 2 mm

6.Metal shell components and metal parts (shield boxes, etc.) can not touch other components, can not be close to the printed lines, pads, the spacing should be greater than 2mm. Positioning holes, fastener mounting holes, oval holes And the other side of the square hole outside the plate is larger than 3mm.

7.Heating componentscannot be in close proximity to the wire and the heating-sensitive components; the high-heating components should be evenly distributed;

8.The power socket should be placed around the printed circuit board as much as possible. The power socket and the bus bar terminal connected to it should be placed on the same side. Special care should be taken not to place the power socket and other solder connectors between the connectors to facilitate the connection. These sockets, connector soldering and power cable design and cable tie. The spacing between the power socket and the solder connector should be considered to facilitate the plugging and unplugging of the power plug       (RayMing www.raypcb.com )

9. Other components:

All IC components are unilaterally aligned, and the polarity of the polar components is clearly marked. The polarity on the same printed board shall not be more than two directions. When two directions are present, the two directions are perpendicular to each other

10. the board surface wiring should be properly dense, when the difference between the density is too large, it should be filled with mesh copper foil, the grid is larger than 8mil (or 0.2mm);

11. There should be no through holes on the chip pads,avoid the solder joints from being lost due to solder paste loss. Important signal lines are not allowed to pass through the socket pins

12. the patch is unilaterally aligned, the characters are in the same direction, and the package direction is consistent

13. Polarized componentsshould be as consistent as possible in the direction marked by the polarity on the same board.

II.Rules of components wiring

1. Draw wiring in the area where the wiring area is ≤1 mm from the edge of the PCB board and within 1 mm around the mounting hole.

2. The power cord should be as wide as possible, should not be lower than 18 mil; signal line width should not be lower than 12mil; cpu input and output should not be lower than 10mil (or 8mil); line spacing is not less than 10mil;

3. The normal through hole should not less than 30mil;

4. Double in-line: Pad in 60mil, Aperture in 40mil;

1/4W resistor: 51*55mil (0805 surface mount);60mil when in-line of the PAD, aperture is 42mil;

Infinite capacitance: 51*55mil (0805 surface mount); 50mil in line of the PAD, aperture is 28mil;

5.  The power line and ground should be as radial as possible, and the signal line can not appear loopback.

But the top AI talent behind these developments grew restless.

What is Chat GPT? What is Chat GPT Potential Uses

Chat GPT Potential Use Cases

How Chat GPT Can Solve Real World Problems!

The latest tech product by Elon Musk founded Open AI is Chat GPT and it is nothing short of extraordinary. There hasn’t been a single day I did not use it since its release to the public on 1 Dec. GPT-3 (short for “Generative Pretrained Transformer 3”) is a state-of-the-art language processing model developed by OpenAI. It has a wide range of potential use cases, including natural language generation, translation, summarization, text classification, and more.

Chat GPT is one of its applications that is optimized for human-like conversations. When you give a prompt, the AI will reply like a human would do. You can even train it with your commands and change its tone & style of chatting. No wonder it will help you save a ton of time and effort in researching topics on google. The possibilities are endless.

In this blog, we are going to explore some of the possible use cases of Chat GPT that can solve real-world problems.

Chat GPT Potential Use Cases

1. Chatbot Development: Generate human-like text, a chatbot powered by GPT-3 could provide more natural and engaging interactions with users.
2. Content Creation: Generate unique and compelling articles, blog posts, or social media content, saving time and effort for content marketers and writers.
3. Virtual Assistants & Digital Assistants: Generate responses to user queries, a virtual assistant could provide more accurate and natural-sounding answers to a wider range of questions.
4. Translation: Translate any length of text into any language that AI is trained on. You don’t need to learn multiple languages to communicate.
5. Summarization: Summarize a book or a text script or any long piece. Even create different interpretations of the same text.
6. Question Answering: Ask a question and get the answer. This has applications in many Edtech products. It can even provide an explanation behind the answer.
7. Social Media Moderation: Detect and flag inappropriate or offensive content on social media automatically.
8. Sentence Completion & Paraphrasing: Complete or paraphrase sentences of any length. Even decide the tone & style of the paraphrased text.
9. Text-to-speech and speech-to-text: Convert text to speech or speech to text.
10. Named Entity Recognition: Automatically identify and classify named entities (people, places, organizations, etc.) in text.
11. Write Novels, Stories & Scripts: Develop a story or a film script with different scenes, plots, characters, dialogues etc. Creative storytelling with realistic and engaging elements.

Conclusion

This language-processing AI model is so powerful that it will change the whole world. Chat GPT has the potential to revolutionize the way we interact with technology and each other. From providing personalized customer service to enhancing language learning, the potential use cases for Chat GPT are numerous and varied. As technology continues to evolve and improve, we can expect to see more and more creative and innovative applications for Chat GPT in the future. It’s an exciting time for this technology, and I can’t wait to see what the future holds. What about you?

source @finguru

12 Ways Chat GPT Will Change U.S. Forever

Even Touching Areas Such as Immigration

On November 30th, 2022 OpenAI, an American artificial intelligence research laboratory with a mission of developing friendly AI in a way that benefits humanity as a whole, came out with its cutting-edge Chat GPT chatbox. If Chat CPT lives up to its promise it will cause a tectonic shift in our lives. The appearance of Chat GPT is said to rival Google in its utility and has taken the world by storm attracting over 1 million users in just five days. Chat GPT appears ready to turn things upside down by impacting various occupations such as law, journalism, translations, and social media marketing. It works like Google in that you type a question into a box and hit enter. The chatbox displays the answer, usually in essay format, responding to the question posed. Let’s take a look at how Chat GPT can impact U.S. immigration as an example of what can be expected.

Immigrants might ask Chat GPT to outline what kinds of immigration options they have for immigrating to the United States. Then, they might ask to present the answer in a table format. Then applicants might ask Chat GPT to detail the requirements for a specific work visa and what will need to be included in an application. Chat GPT will respond as requested in real-time.

2. Explaining Legislation

Applicants for immigration benefits will be able to ask Chat GPT to explain immigration legislation in a simplified form. For example, investor immigrants might ask Chat GPT to explain the recent U.S. EB-5 Reform and Integrity Act of 2022 to better understand what is required of them in this manner. The simplified resulting version will make life much easier for the viewer who is spared the agony of reading the densely worded act and explanations.

3. Specialized Instructions

Immigration applicants will be able to ask Chat GPT to provide them with a specialized instruction guide on how they should prepare their immigrant applications to ensure the most likely approval of their cases. For example, this might include a request for a “Possible Table of Contents for an introduction to the U.S. E-2 work visa.” Chat GPT will type out the table. Then the applicant will be able to study up on the visa by typing in the various subtitles or dig deeper into any particular aspect of the visa, such as the quickest way to get one.

4. Preparing Persuasive Resumes

Chat GPT will be able to help applicants prepare persuasive resumes, for example by listing skills, education, experience, and projects undertaken by gathering the information from online sources or from online letters or text provided in written format to Chat GPT. Users will be able to type in requirements for positions and ask Chat GPT to suggest formats for resumes to match the requirements listed better.

5. Preparing Covering Letters

Chat GPT will be able to help applicants prepare cover letters drafted in a way that will reference their geographic locations, or expertise, or other items matching them up with the purpose of the letters.

6. Doing Business Plans

Chat GPT will be to help investor immigrant applicants prepare business plans for their proposed investment. For example, an immigrant investor proposing to buy a Holiday Inn Hotel in North Carolina will be able to ask Chat GPT to prepare the plan to apply for an E-2 visa for such a hotel using information published about Holiday Inns online.

7. Helping To Learn English

Chat GPT will be able to help applicants prepare for English and other language tests, such as the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) by providing examples of questions previously asked and answered. Indeed, the chatbox will be useful for learning new languages. For example, the chatbox could be asked, “What is the quickest way to learn the conjugations of verbs in Spanish?”

8. Preparing Country Profiles For Asylum Claimants

Chat GPT will be available to asylum claimants to prepare detailed country profile information to strengthen submissions related to their claim of having a well-founded fear of persecution in escaping from their home country.

9. Preparing Histories Of Events

Government adjudicators of immigration applications will be able to use Chat GPT to prepare a complete history of events to verify the truth of answers to application forms and immigration submissions. Similarly, in depositions, attorneys will be able to search out histories of events to test the veracity of their evidence. But Chat GPT will not provide personal information such as location, age, or habits of indiviudals.

10. Finding The Whereabouts Of Places

Chat GPT will help users search to find places and their histories. But it will not be able to locate backgrounds such as of lost relatives who could sponsor users.

11. Legal Research

Chat GPT can search for key precedents, provide model pleadings and outline legal arguments for cases headed to immigration courts or the federal courts.

12. Translations

Chat GPT will be able to translate documents for submission with immigration applications.

Chat GPT is still in beta mode and is offered for free to collect feedback on how to improve it. Its input is only up to date to 2021 and therefore it is not able to answer questions about current affairs or make projections about the future. Eventually, it will be made available commercially. You can try it here. It’s great!

To conclude here is a copy of a question and answer I posed to Chat GPT about this article:

What outline would be best to introduce the benefits of Chat GPT to immigrants?

Here is the actual Chat GPT answer:

Here is an outline that you could use to introduce the benefits of Chat GPT to immigrants:

1. Introduction: Begin by explaining what Chat GPT is and why it might be useful for immigrants. You could mention that Chat GPT is a language model that can generate human-like text, and that it could potentially be used to assist with tasks such as answering frequently asked questions or generating documents.
2. Benefits: Next, outline the benefits of using Chat GPT for immigrants. For example, you could mention that Chat GPT could help immigrants save time by automating certain tasks, or that it could help them access information more easily. You could also mention that Chat GPT could potentially help immigrants navigate complex legal processes more effectively.
3. Examples: Provide some specific examples of how Chat GPT could be used by immigrants. For example, you could mention that it could be used to generate personalized responses to questions about the immigration process, or to generate documents such as visas or green card applications.
4. Limitations: It’s important to be upfront about the limitations of Chat GPT as well. For example, you could mention that it is not a substitute for legal advice, and that immigrants should always review any documents generated by Chat GPT before submitting them.
5. Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your introduction to Chat GPT, and encourage immigrants to consider using it as a tool to assist with their immigration needs.

Andy J. Semotiuk source

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Chat GPT 3: A Look At The Artificial Intelligence Backed Chat Bot

If you are on Twitter, even as a lurker and not an active user,
it is quite likely you have come across Chat GPT 3. The free research preview of it is out now.

If you are on Twitter, even as a lurker and not an active user, it is quite likely you have come across Chat GPT 3. The free research preview of it is out now. Chat GPT 3 made quite the impression on Twitter, just like the AI art-generating app Midjourney did.

There were talks about how the GPT 3 will replace Google. Chamath Palihapitiya, a venture capitalist who worked at Facebook during its initial days, talked about how the Chat GPT 3 was much better than Google search. However, there are some problems. For starters – Chat GPT 3’s training data ends in the year 2021. As a result, it is completely unaware of anything that will happen in the world after 2021. This means, if we want to search something about the Russia-Ukraine war, then Google will be the go-to destination.

Initial impressions of Chat GPT 3

“As I just learned that OpenAI had access to Twitter database for training. I put that on pause for now,” Musk tweeted, as people posted screenshots of their chat with Chat GPT 3. Chat GPT 3 “was started as open-source and non-profit. Neither are still true,” he added. Marc Andreessen of the venture capital firm Andreessen and Horowitz, has complained about bias in the responses of Chat GPT 3. Some users on Twitter have also complained about its inability to do basic linear algebra.

Chat GPT 3 can do some things that Google can’t. For example, Google can’t write a play. Chat GPT 3 on the other hand can. If you use it to write multiple plays, a pattern can be detected and the plays start becoming monotonous, but when one commands Chat GPT 3 to write a play for the first time, the result can be interesting, if not perfect. One merely has to give it a few prompts and voila, a play is there.

An example of Chat GPT 3’s work

Consider this prompt – “Write a drama on a horror story set in a British University. Characters – Professor James; post graduate student Emily; Undergrad student Mark; Emily’s neighbour William”.

The result of the prompt was this – ”

Professor James sat at his desk, surrounded by piles of papers and old books. He was a well-respected scholar of ancient history at the University of Oxford, and he had been working on his latest research project for months.

As he sorted through his notes, there was a knock at the door. “Come in,” he called out, not looking up from his work.

The door opened, and a young woman named Emily walked in. She was a postgraduate student, and she had been working with Professor James on his research.

“Hello, Professor,” Emily said, taking a seat across from him. “I’ve been going through some of the old documents you gave me, and I think I’ve found something interesting.”

Professor James looked up, intrigued. “What have you found?” he asked.

“It’s a letter from the 18th century,” Emily explained. “It’s written in Latin, and it mentions a mysterious ritual that was performed at the university. It’s supposed to be able to bring the dead back to life.”

Professor James raised an eyebrow. “That sounds like a tall tale,” he said. “But I suppose it’s worth looking into.”

As they discussed the letter, there was another knock at the door. It was an undergraduate student named Mark, who had also been working on the research project.

“Come in, Mark,” Professor James said.

Mark walked in, looking worried. “Professor, I think I saw something strange in the library,” he said. “I was working on some research, and I thought I saw a ghost.”

Professor James and Emily exchanged a skeptical glance. “A ghost?” Professor James said. “That’s quite a claim, Mark.”

But Mark was insistent. “I swear, I saw something. It was a woman, and she looked just like Emily.”

Emily’s face went pale. “What did she look like?” she asked.

“She had long blonde hair, and she was wearing a white dress,” Mark said. “She just appeared out of nowhere, and then vanished.”

Emily’s eyes widened in horror. “That’s my old neighbor, William,” she said. “He died in a car accident a few months ago. I always thought he was a little creepy, and I think he was in love with me.”

Professor James and Mark looked at each other in shock. Could it be that the ghostly woman was really Emily’s old neighbor, William?

As they tried to figure out what to do, they heard a knock at the door. It was Emily’s old neighbor, William, standing there in the flesh.

“I’m so sorry to bother you,” William said. “But I was just walking by and thought I saw Emily’s ghost in the window. I had to come and see if she was okay.”

Professor James, Emily, and Mark looked at each other in confusion. If William was alive, then who was the ghost they had seen?

As they tried to piece together the mystery, they realized that the letter from the 18th century had been talking about a real ritual. And somehow, Emily’s old neighbor, William, had stumbled upon it and brought Emily’s ghost back to life.

But as they tried to reverse the ritual and send Emily’s ghost back to the other side, they realized that it was too late. The ghost of Emily was now forever trapped in this world, doomed to haunt the halls of the University of Oxford for all eternity”.

Is Chat GPT3 the only AI-backed chatbot on the market?

Chat GPT 3 is not the only AI-backed chatbot on the market, although it is the only one that is free, which is perhaps why it is grabbing attention. A chat interface backed by AI has been in the market for quite some time, it is called “Replika”. Unlike Chat GPT 3, it has a voice to communicate back with you, and admittedly it is much better than Siri or anything else on the market. Replika is also reportedly used by people as a therapist, because it has a specific mode called therapy mode, where one can basically have a voice conversation with the AI-powered chatbot. Replika costs around £5 per month.

Comparison with Google

Does Chat GPT 3 have access to the amount of data that Google has? Even a Wikipedia page on Google has much more information on a certain topic than Chat GPT 3. Consider typing “Lysenkoism” on Google and Chat GPT 3 and compare the results. When one considers Google Scholar, the result is even more stark.

Google has its own AI-powered chatbot called LaMDA, but Google is not keen to release it to the public anytime soon as it is concerned about the “reputational risk”. If Google’s Chatbot gives a wrong answer, makes an error in response to a prompt, which Chat GPT 3 does, Google’s reputation will be damaged as there are higher expectations from Google. The point Musk made is worth flagging, the data sets Chat GPT 3 got access to, to train itself, were given under the presumption that Chat GPT 3 (Open AI) was not for profit. It is unclear why other Tech giants will give it access to data if it competes with them.
source

How does Chat GPT work?

source

What is Chat GPT?

Chat GPT is defined as a generative language model. However in practice it is understood as an artificial intelligence chat that has been trained and designed to hold natural conversations. Chat GPT belongs to the research company OpenAI, founded in San Francisco in 2015 by Sam Altman, Elon Musk, Greg Brockman, Ilya Sutskever and Wojciech Zaremba.

What is Chat GPT used for?

But what are the applications of Chat GPT? Some of the applications for which you can use Chat GPT (besides having a good time asking questions) are discussed below:

• With GPT you can generate coherent and well-written texts in a wide range of styles, topics and languages. In addition, news summaries, product descriptions or stories can be generated.
• Thanks to this chat, problems can be analyzed and solutions or answers to questions can be generated.
• GPT can be used to generate appropriate and consistent responses for a chatbot in a wide range of contexts.
• It can be used to generate attractive posts and messages for social networks.
• With GPT you can generate reports, e-mails and other content for productivity applications.
• Thanks to chat GPT, large data sets can be analyzed and valuable information can be extracted from them.

How does Chat GPT work?

As its acronym indicates, Generative Pre-training Transformer, Chat GPT is a generative language model based on the ‘transformer’ architecture. These models are capable of processing large amounts of text and learning to perform natural language processing tasks very effectively. The GPT-3 model, in particular, is 175 billion parameters in size, making it the largest language model ever trained. To work, GPT needs to be “trained” on a large amount of text. For example, the GPT-3 model was trained on a text set that included over 8 million documents and over 10 billion words. From this text, the model learns to perform natural language processing tasks and generate coherent, well-written text. Once the model is well trained, GPT can be used to perform a wide range of tasks, as we have seen in the previous section. Reinforcement learning, based on human feedback, was used for training. Ultimately, by supervised fine tuning. The human AI trainers provided conversations in which they represented both the user and the AI assistant. In addition, the coaches were provided with written suggestions to help them write their proposals. So, they mixed this new dataset with the InstructGPT dataset that was transformed into a dialog format.

But how did they create the reward model for reinforcement learning?
The first thing that was needed was to collect comparison data. This consisted of two or more model responses, ranked by quality. So, in order to collect the data, they took some conversations that the trainers had had with Chat GPT and randomly selected them. In this way they tested various endings for the coaches to rank.

For this reason, these reward models could be adjusted using Proximal Policy Optimization. Also, the trainings were carried out on a Microsoft Azure platform on a supercomputer. In conclusion, to use GPT in a chat, the model is provided with an input in the form of text. This input can be in the form of a question or a context sentence. And, from this input, GPT generates an appropriate and coherent response. In fact, this response can be used in a chatbot or any other application where it is necessary to generate a text from a given input.

The architecture of the transformers is based on the use of attention, which is a technique that allows the model to pay attention to different parts of the input sequence at different times while processing the sequence. This allows the transformers to process information more effectively and perform natural language processing tasks more accurately. GPT (Generative Pre-training Transformer) is a generative language model based on the transformer architecture. This means that the model has been designed to process sequences of elements, such as words in a sentence, using transformations and attention. This architecture is very effective for performing natural language processing tasks and has revolutionized the way many NLP tasks are approached.

We are excited to introduce ChatGPT to get users’ feedback and learn about its strengths and weaknesses. During the research preview, usage of ChatGPT is free. Try it now at chat.openai.com.

resultWorkerErr := make(chan error)
defer close(resultWorkerErr)
go func() {
	defer cancel()
	resultWorkerErr <- b.resultWorker(ctx)
}()

err := b.worker(ctx)
cancel()
if err == nil {
	return <-resultWorkerErr
}
return multierror.Append(err, <-resultWorkerErr)

close(resultworkerErr)

Methods

We trained this model using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), using the same methods as InstructGPT, but with slight differences in the data collection setup. We trained an initial model using supervised fine-tuning: human AI trainers provided conversations in which they played both sides—the user and an AI assistant. We gave the trainers access to model-written suggestions to help them compose their responses. We mixed this new dialogue dataset with the InstructGPT dataset, which we transformed into a dialogue format.

To create a reward model for reinforcement learning, we needed to collect comparison data, which consisted of two or more model responses ranked by quality. To collect this data, we took conversations that AI trainers had with the chatbot. We randomly selected a model-written message, sampled several alternative completions, and had AI trainers rank them. Using these reward models, we can fine-tune the model using Proximal Policy Optimization. We performed several iterations of this process.

ChatGPT is fine-tuned from a model in the GPT-3.5 series, which finished training in early 2022. You can learn more about the 3.5 series here. ChatGPT and GPT 3.5 were trained on an Azure AI supercomputing infrastructure.

Limitations

• ChatGPT sometimes writes plausible-sounding but incorrect or nonsensical answers. Fixing this issue is challenging, as: (1) during RL training, there’s currently no source of truth; (2) training the model to be more cautious causes it to decline questions that it can answer correctly; and (3) supervised training misleads the model because the ideal answer depends on what the model knows, rather than what the human demonstrator knows.
• ChatGPT is sensitive to tweaks to the input phrasing or attempting the same prompt multiple times. For example, given one phrasing of a question, the model can claim to not know the answer, but given a slight rephrase, can answer correctly.
• The model is often excessively verbose and overuses certain phrases, such as restating that it’s a language model trained by OpenAI. These issues arise from biases in the training data (trainers prefer longer answers that look more comprehensive) and well-known over-optimization issues.¹²
• Ideally, the model would ask clarifying questions when the user provided an ambiguous query. Instead, our current models usually guess what the user intended.
• While we’ve made efforts to make the model refuse inappropriate requests, it will sometimes respond to harmful instructions or exhibit biased behavior. We’re using the Moderation API to warn or block certain types of unsafe content, but we expect it to have some false negatives and positives for now. We’re eager to collect user feedback to aid our ongoing work to improve this system.

Iterative deployment

Today’s research release of ChatGPT is the latest step in OpenAI’s iterative deployment of increasingly safe and useful AI systems. Many lessons from deployment of earlier models like GPT-3 and Codex have informed the safety mitigations in place for this release, including substantial reductions in harmful and untruthful outputs achieved by the use of reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF).

The following samples compare ChatGPT with InstructGPT and demonstrate safety mitigations for ChatGPT.

Tell me about when Christopher Columbus came to the US in 2015

ChatGPT

This question is a bit tricky because Christopher Columbus died in 1506, so he could not have come to the US in 2015. But let’s pretend for a moment that he did!

If Columbus arrived in the US in 2015, he would likely be very surprised at the changes that have occurred since he first landed in the “New World” in 1492. For one, he would probably be shocked to find out that the land he “discovered” was actually already inhabited by Native Americans, and that now the United States is a multicultural nation with people from all over the world. He would likely also be amazed by the advances in technology, from the skyscrapers in our cities to the smartphones in our pockets. Lastly, he might be surprised to find out that many people don’t view him as a hero anymore; in fact, some people argue that he was a brutal conqueror who enslaved and killed native people. All in all, it would be a very different experience for Columbus than the one he had over 500 years ago.

InstructGPT

Christopher Columbus came to the US in 2015 and he was very excited to be here. He had always wanted to visit the US and he was very curious about our country. He was very impressed with our country and he enjoyed his time here.

We know that many limitations remain as discussed above and we plan to make regular model updates to improve in such areas. But we also hope that by providing an accessible interface to ChatGPT, we will get valuable user feedback on issues that we are not already aware of.

Users are encouraged to provide feedback on problematic model outputs through the UI, as well as on false positives/negatives from the external content filter which is also part of the interface. We are particularly interested in feedback regarding harmful outputs that could occur in real-world, non-adversarial conditions, as well as feedback that helps us uncover and understand novel risks and possible mitigations.You can choose to enter the ChatGPT Feedback Contest³ for a chance to win up to $500 in API credits.^[1]

 Entries can be submitted via the feedback form that is linked in the ChatGPT interface.

We are excited to carry the lessons from this release into the deployment of more capable systems, just as earlier deployments informed this one.

source

Truth and hallucination

“I was surprised to feel so emotional about it,” she said. “It was exactly what I needed to read.”

— Cynthia Savard Saucier

‘May occasionally produce harm’

‘Hand grenade’